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һ.��ս��˵��ʽѡ��(forms of alliance)

��ս�Ժ��(strategic cooperation)��ڶ��ʽ�У�ս��(strategic alliances)��ʽ��ӽ�һ�廯(�Ʋ㻯hierarchy)�ĺ��ʽ��ͼ2��Ҳ�Ǳ��Ĺ�ע��ص㡣ս��ʽ�ĵط��һ��ҪĿ��֯��໥ѧϰ(OL)��½��ڹ��ս��˵��ۡ�

ս��˵��ʽѡ��һ��߶ȸ��ӵĿ��⣬Ҳ�Ǹ߶�ʵ��Ե��⡣��ȫѧ��Ի��İ취��ݳ��Lorange��Roos(1992)��ָ��:û��ر��ս��Ǹ��õĻ��Ե��ʽ��Ҫ��ض��֮��ѡ��ʵ��ʽ��ս��˵��ʽѡ��о��Ȼ��Ҫ�ľ��ú��߼�ֵ��

һ��ҵ��ˣ��ѡ��˺��飬��ôѡ��һ��ʵĺ��ʽ�ͳ�Ϊ��Ҫ�Ŀ��⡣Ϊ��ֻ�漰���á��ʽ��Ͷ��(JV), ս��Э��(Collaboration), ��(Consortium)��˫��齨��Ͷ��壨JV��һ��ζ�Ź��һ��϶��Ĺ�˾��˫��Ϊ��е��ɶ��һ��ֹɱ��ͬ��Э��壨collaboration��ҵ�乹��Ĳ��ж��˾��̬�ĺ��ʽ;��(consortium)��Ƕ��ҵ��齨�ľ��ж��JV��̬�ĺ��ʽ��ҵ��ӵ�йɷݡ�

�ܶ�ѧ�߾ͼ��˵��ʽѡ��о��̽��

��1��Ͷ�ʣ�JV��

�Ƚϵ��͵��Faulkner(1995)��о��Ϊ,��ս��˱Ƚ��ڲ��JV��ʽ:

˫��ķ�Χ��һ��Զ��ҵ��;˫��ʲ��ר�Ż�(asset specificity)�ģ��״�ĸ��˾��룬��Ҫ��Ͻ��й��(jointly managed);˫��Ŀ��Щ�ʲ��ֱ�ӵĹ��;˫��м��е��Ҫ��к��;��ϵ��Ҫ,��һ��ҵ��г�;��ϣ��Ԥ��ı��Ͷ��Դ;��Ͷ�ʵ�ҵ��Χ��ɺ��˴˵ĺ��ҵ��ߵ��ϱȽϸ��;��ʵ�ϲ��Ҫ��߱��ſ��Խ��Ͷ�ʡ�

��2��ڼ��Э��collaboration��

ͨ��Ǳ�ڵĺ��鿪ʼ�Ӵ�,��һ��ʼ��ȷ��ǿ��ܽ��еĺ��ĳ̶Ⱥ��,�෴��ʽ��ʱ��.Ҳ�п��ǲ��ϣ��Ǻ��,��ϣ��˴˵ĺ����ط�չ.��Щ��֮��,��Э��ڵ����,��Ǹ��ĵ�һ�ֺ��ģʽ.��Э��Ҳ��Ҫ��JV.

Faulkner(1995) ��о��Ϊ,�Ƚ��ʺϼ��Э��:ʲô��Ҫ�к��ɸ߶Ȳ�ȷ��;��Ҫ�߶ȵ��;��Ҫ��ȷ��;��ҵ��Χ��ɶ��ľ�Ӫ��.

��3��(consortium)

��Թ��,��Ϊ��һϵ��(��)��ҵ��Ĺ�ϵ.��Ҫ��JV��ʽ��ǵĺ��߽硣ֻ��ⲿ��ķ�Χ�͹�ģ��ʹ��Ϊ��ʱ,��ʽ�Żᱻ��ǲ��á��ض��ҵ��պ��ȣ��Ҫ�޴��з�Ͷ�룬�¹ع��Ұ�ȫ��ս��棬�ܶ��ȡ��ʽ��Kacter 1989,Collins & Doorley 1991, Lei and Sloceem 1991��Ը��£��ҵ��չ��Դ��Ҫ��ͷ��ȡ��Ǳ�ڿͻ��Σ��ҵ��չ��Ҫ��רҵ��˹㷺��ӣ�û��ҵ��ṩ��ǣ��Ҫ��ĵ��Ǳ��г��ṩ�г��з�ɢ��ƺ��յ��

��.��ҹ��ѧ�м��ʽѡ��˼��

1. �ҹ��ѧ�м��˷�չ��

һ��ԣ�ս��˸��ر��Ϊŷ��ҹ��ҵ��ս��˵Ľ��ܲ��Ǻ��ձ飬��ƶȽ��跽��Ҳ��ڽϴ��졣��Ƽ��Ȳ�ί֧�ֵİ뵼��ȶ�Ҳ�ѧ�н�ϼ��ˣ��ʵ��н��JV��Э��ȷ��ʽ�ġ��뵼��˾��73�ҳ�Ա��λ��Թ�ͬ�е��Ҳ�ί��ΪŦ��֯��Ч�ʻ��кܴ�ĸĽ��ռ䡣��ʵ��ǽ��ս��˲��ҵ��ս��Ҫ��Ծ��Խ�Ϊ��ʵ��Ŀ��ȡ��ҿ��Ϊ��ȡ��ڳ�Ա�ڶ࣬��֯��ʽ��淶��Ȩ��ϵ��ϸ��׵��Ч�ʲ��ߣ��ѻ��Ա��Ҳ��治�˹ɷ��Ϊ��ҵ��ĺ��Ŧ��ɳ��ĺ��ʽ��ҵЭ�ᡣ

��϶��ԣ��ҵĴ�ɻ��Ŀ��ȽϽӽ�CONSORTIUM��֯��ʽ��ܸ��ӣ��ڴ˲��׸��侭Ӫ��Ҫ��տ͹�˾�ľ��û��ġ��ڶ��ѧ�м��Ƿ��ܲ�ȡCONSORTIUM��ʽ��Թɷ�ΪŦ��Կ��п��Ϊǣ��Ͷ��Ҫ��о��⣬ֵ��о��

�෴һЩʡ��ҵ��齨��ѧ��Ϊ��ҵ��о��Խ��٣��Ͽ��ܳɹ��Ŀ��Ը��Щ��ڹ��ҵĲ��֯��ѧ�м��Ҫ��ء�

2��ҵ��ս�Ժ��ҹ��ҵ�ļ��ʾ

��ҹ��ҵ��ԣ��ر��־�ڽ��й��ʻ��Ӫ��ڹ��г��ӵ��һ��λ��ҵ��ѧϰŷ��շ��ҵ�佨��ս��˵ķ��ƶ��ƾ��Ҫ��塣��ѡ��Դ��ĺ��顢��ѡ��Ч��֯ģʽ��ۺ͹��ͬר��ʲ��߹�˾��ս��˵Ĺ��ʵʩ��Ǹ߶ȸ��ӵģ��ҵ��ҵ��ս��˵ķ�չ�ֱ�Ȼ��ֳ�ĳ�ֹ��ԣ�ս��˵Ļ��ʽѡ��ι�ϵ�Ľ��ս��˵Ŀ��ƻ��ȷ��涼�д��Ŀ��know-how��Ҫ��ڴ�ս��˷�չ��ձ��̽��ҹ��˷�չ�ĺ��ʽ��ʵ��ܽᾭ�飬��Ч��Ҫ��⡣

��ԣ��ҵ�齨ս��˲��ͺ��ʽ��ѡ��ʱ�ɰ��У�

��1��ԣ��ҵ�ڴ��Ϊʱ��Ҫ��Ƿ��ȡ��ս��жϣ�ͨ��MBA��жϣ��

��2��cooperative strategy��жϺ��ݾ��ĺ��Ϊ��һ�廯ˮƽ��ʱ��ս��˻��ǹ��硢�齨��⹫˾��Э��жϣ�

��3��ս��˵��жϺ��ݾ��ĺ��Ҫ��ս��˵��ʽ��Ͷ�ʡ�Э��塢��ѡ��

��Ҫ��ҹ��еĺܶ��ѧ�м��˴��кܴ��ƶ��ҿƼ��ƻ��ƶ��ĺۼ��ʵ�ֲ�ѧ�к��ƻ��е��ҵ�Է��Բ�ѧ��˵�һ��Ҫ��⡣��ù��Ҽƻ��ȿƼ��߹��֧�ֺ��ƶ��ҵ��ս�Ժ��Ŀ�չ��Ҫ�о��ʲô��֯��ڳ�Ϊ��Ҽƻ��ĳе��壬��ҵ�Է��ս��˸��ǿ��ҵ��Ҫ��Ҽƻ��Ӧ��Ϊ��ѧ��˵�Ψһ��

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