Abstract: Aimed at the public comments and questions of S&T input, S&T performance, commercialization of research findings, etc., this article carries out the interpretation and data analysis-comparison of the meaning and use of some indexs, such as thesis index, technology transferring ratio, patent index and the ratio of R&D funds to GDP, etc.. This article also raises some points like "to use technology statistical index and data scientifically is the basis of having an objective view on China's S&T development" and "to grasp S&T index correctly is the guarantee of making right policies", etc., and also offers some concrete suggestions.