Abstract: There are major adjustments of China's rural and agricultural policies after the 16th National Congress of the CPC. The central government issued 11 No.1 Central Documents (2004—2014) and the document about “the decision”(2008) to guide the work of “Agriculture, Countryside, Farmer”. This paper analyzes the science and technology policies about the “Agriculture, Countryside, Farmer” in the 12 documents, and clarifies the evolution of policies and makes some research on the development trends of policies in the new period.