Abstract: Due to poor management and cooperation of different branches in China's science and technology management, a diversified pattern of financing channels has taken shape in the national science and technology plan, which was formed by the central investment in science and technology. It has become an important object of the institutional reform of managing science and technology as to reinforce the coordination and interconnection among the national science and technology plans, to allocate efficiently the technological innovation resources, and to avoid needless duplication. By taking the 973 Plan and the National Natural Science Fund as examples and with the study of the strategic positioning and function of the two plans, this article seeks an idea for the national science and technology plan to allocate coordinately the technological resources.